Netherlands

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, often referred to as Holland, is a distinctive Western European nation, renowned for its flat landscapes, iconic windmills, vast tulip fields, and intricate canal networks. Despite its modest geographical footprint, it has profoundly influenced global affairs through its historical maritime power, robust economy, and progressive social policies. This low-lying country, with much of its land at or below sea level, showcases remarkable human ingenuity in shaping its environment, particularly via sophisticated water management systems that have literally reclaimed land from the sea. It operates as a vibrant democracy and constitutional monarchy, deeply integrated into the European Union and a founding member of numerous international organizations.

Geographically, the Netherlands is defined by its low elevation and the pervasive influence of water. Approximately 26% of its land lies below sea level, protected by an elaborate system of dikes, dunes, and pumping stations known as the Delta Works—a marvel of engineering. Major rivers like the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt traverse the country, forming extensive deltas before reaching the North Sea. This unique hydrological situation has shaped both its physical landscape and national identity, fostering a culture of cooperation and innovation in overcoming natural challenges. Fertile, reclaimed polders are vital for its highly efficient agriculture, while its extensive canal network serves both transport and recreation.

The history of the Netherlands is a compelling narrative of resilience, trade, and independence. After centuries under various feudal lords and Habsburg rule, the 16th century brought the pivotal Dutch Revolt against Spain, leading to the Eighty Years’ War and the establishment of the independent Dutch Republic in 1581. The 17th century, the „Dutch Golden Age,“ saw the Republic emerge as a dominant maritime and economic power. Its vast colonial empire, flourishing trade routes via the Dutch East India Company, and unparalleled advancements in art and science, exemplified by figures like Rembrandt, marked this era. Subsequent periods included French occupation, the formation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, and a commitment to neutrality until the devastating occupation during World War II, which shaped its modern identity.

With over 17 million people in a relatively small area, the Netherlands is among the world’s most densely populated countries. Its society emphasizes consensus, tolerance, and pragmatism, often called the „polder model.“ It is a highly diverse nation, a result of centuries of migration and its colonial past, with significant communities contributing to a rich multicultural tapestry. Dutch is the official language, though English is widely spoken. The country boasts a high quality of life, excellent public services including robust healthcare and education, and a strong commitment to social welfare and gender equality.

The Dutch economy is highly developed, open, and export-oriented, consistently ranking among the top globally. Its strategic location at the mouth of major European rivers and North Sea access has made it a vital hub for international trade and logistics, with the Port of Rotterdam being Europe’s largest. Key sectors include agriculture (renowned for innovative farming, floriculture, and dairy), manufacturing, chemicals, energy, and financial services. The Netherlands is also a leader in technological innovation, particularly in water management, sustainable energy, and high-tech industries, fostering a dynamic entrepreneurial environment.

In conclusion, the Netherlands is a small nation with an immense global presence, a land forged by human endeavor against the forces of nature. Its story is one of innovation, trade, and a persistent drive for progress. From its iconic historical achievements to its modern-day leadership in sustainability and social policy, the Dutch continue to demonstrate how a compact nation can exert significant influence, offering a compelling model of resilience, adaptability, and a unique way of life shaped by water and a spirit of cooperation.

Information about Netherlands

The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.

Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!

Country Netherlands is situated in a location / continent Europe. Netherlands has an area of 41 543 km² and 16 730 632 residents. The highest point has a height 322 above sea level. and it is called Vaalserberg. The lowest point is located at the level of -7 above sea level and it is named Zuidplaspolder. System of government is constitutional monarchy and the date of independence 23rd January 1579. The capital city is Amsterdam. Netherlands has the international abbreviation NL.

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Netherlands - economy

Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 713 100 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 42 700 $. GDP grows by 1.30 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 2.30 % a year. Netherlands have 7 809 000 working-age population (from a total population 16 730 632 people). Unemployment is at 4.40 %. Netherlands issued 10.80 % GDP to healt care and 1,60 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 65.20 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 2 655 000 000 000 USD.

Netherlands - demography

As suggested above, Netherlands has 16 730 632 people. Population growth is in the amount 0.45 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 10.89.Every mother has average 1.78 children. The infant mortality rate is 3.73 and maternal mortality 6.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 80.91 years. Mortality is 8.39 people per 1000 population per year.

Netherlands - transport and telecommunications

Netherlands has 136 827 km of roads, 2 896 km of railway lines and 27 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 6 214 km. There is registered 744 ships.

Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Netherlands is 19 835 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 7 135 000. Netherlands has 14 872 000 internet users, who have the available 13 715 000 Internet connections. Netherlands has been assigned a domain first Choose range .nl.

Netherlands - energetics

Netherlands consumes a year 107 400 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 108 000 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 25 990 000 kW. Netherlands exports 12 810 000 000 kWh and imports 15 580 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 84.1 %, nuclear energy: 2 %, renewable: 13.7 %, hydropower: 0.1 %. The country Netherlands is harvested annually 41 990 barrels of oil.