Hong Kong

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong, a vibrant metropolis and Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China, is globally renowned for its dramatic skyline, bustling deep-water harbour, and unique blend of Eastern and Western cultures. Its present is defined by an intricate relationship with mainland China under the principle of „One Country, Two Systems“, granting it significant autonomy, including its own currency and legal system. This distinct status establishes it as a global financial hub, celebrated for its efficiency and entrepreneurial spirit. The city’s enduring appeal lies in its dynamic energy and the stunning juxtaposition of ancient traditions with cutting-edge modernity.

Geographically, Hong Kong occupies a strategic location on China’s southern coast, at the eastern side of the Pearl River Delta. Its territory comprises Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories, and over 200 outlying islands. The landscape is predominantly hilly and mountainous, with vast country parks contrasting sharply with its densely packed urban centres. This scarcity of flat land has fostered incredibly vertical urban development. Victoria Harbour, a natural deep-water harbour separating Hong Kong Island from Kowloon, is vital for trade and a stunning backdrop for the city’s skyline. Its subtropical climate features hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters.

Hong Kong’s modern history began in 1841 with British occupation during the First Opium War, leading to the 1842 Treaty of Nanking formally ceding Hong Kong Island. Further territorial acquisitions included the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898, which ultimately dictated its eventual return to Chinese sovereignty. After a brutal Japanese occupation during World War II (1941-1945), Hong Kong rapidly emerged as an „Asian Tiger“, driven by swift industrialisation and a burgeoning financial sector, attracting significant foreign investment through its free port status and robust legal framework.

The impending 1997 lease expiration necessitated negotiations between Britain and China, culminating in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. This agreement mandated Hong Kong’s return to China on July 1, 1997, under the „One Country, Two Systems“ principle. This framework guaranteed its capitalist system and way of life would remain unchanged for at least 50 years. The handover marked a new chapter, balancing integration with mainland China and preserving Hong Kong’s unique identity and freedoms, a balance that has faced increasing scrutiny and challenges in recent years.

Demographically, Hong Kong is among the world’s most densely populated regions, with approximately 7.5 million people residing in just over 1,100 square kilometres, a density particularly evident in its high-rise urban core and vibrant, fast-paced lifestyle. The vast majority are ethnically Chinese, predominantly Cantonese speakers, who maintain a strong sense of local identity and cultural heritage distinct from mainland China. A significant and diverse expatriate community also contributes to its cosmopolitan character. English is an official language alongside Chinese (Cantonese), reflecting its international role, while Mandarin is increasingly prevalent, especially in business and tourism. This blend creates a dynamic cultural tapestry, where traditional Chinese festivals are celebrated alongside Western holidays.

Economically, Hong Kong is a powerhouse, consistently ranked among the world’s freest economies. Its success stems from a foundation of free trade, minimal government intervention, a robust financial sector, and a low and simple tax regime. It serves as a major international financial centre, a crucial gateway for investment into and out of mainland China, and a vital hub for global trade and logistics. Key industries include financial services, trade, and tourism. The Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) is freely convertible and pegged to the US Dollar, ensuring stability. Despite its immense wealth, challenges persist, notably extreme wealth inequality and an acute housing crisis, where property prices are among the highest globally. Its economic future is deeply intertwined with mainland China’s growth, particularly through the Greater Bay Area initiative.

In conclusion, Hong Kong remains a city of profound contrasts and enduring resilience. Its journey from a humble fishing village to a global economic titan has been shaped by unique geographical features, a complex colonial history, and a dynamic demographic makeup. Navigating the intricate balance of its „One Country, Two Systems“ framework and contemporary challenges related to social equity and political autonomy, Hong Kong continues to captivate with its unparalleled energy, its iconic skyline, and its steadfast commitment to innovation and internationalism. Its future, while uncertain in some respects, promises to be as compelling and complex as its past, as it strives to maintain its distinctive identity on the world stage.

Information about Hong Kong

The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.

Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!

Country Hong Kong is situated in a location / continent East Asia. Hong Kong has an area of 1 104 km² and 7 153 519 residents. The highest point has a height 958 above sea level. and it is called Tai Mo Shan. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named South China Sea. Hong Kong has the international abbreviation HK.

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Hong Kong - economy

Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 355 600 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 49 800 $. GDP grows by 5.00 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 5.30 % a year. Hong Kong have 3 703 000 working-age population (from a total population 7 153 519 people). Unemployment is at 3.40 %. The public debt of the country is 30.10 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 903 200 000 000 USD.

Hong Kong - demography

As suggested above, Hong Kong has 7 153 519 people. Population growth is in the amount 0.42 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 7.54.Every mother has average 1.09 children. The infant mortality rate is 2.90 .Average estimated life expectancy makes 82.12 years. Mortality is 7.23 people per 1000 population per year.

Hong Kong - transport and telecommunications

Hong Kong has 2 067 km of roads and 2 airports. There is registered 1 644 ships.

Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Hong Kong is 14 931 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 4 348 000. Hong Kong has 4 873 000 internet users, who have the available 861 516 Internet connections. Hong Kong has been assigned a domain first Choose range .hk.

Hong Kong - energetics

Hong Kong consumes a year 43 140 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 41 220 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 12 620 000 kW. Hong Kong exports 2 750 000 000 kWh and imports 10 750 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 100 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.0 %, hydropower: 0.0 %.